The South American genus Heteropyge Silvestri, 1897 is revised, accommodating now six accepted species. Adults of the poorly known
species Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947) are described for the first time from near-topotypic material collected near the Araguaia River, state of
Mato Grosso, Brazil. In addition, based on recent samplings and on material from Schubart’s collection, H. bidens (Schubart, 1945) is removed from the
synonymy of H. cayennophilus (Silvestri, 1897) and revalidated. Both species show significant differences concerning the gonopods and male leg-pair 1.
New records and additional data for H. bidens and H. cayennophilus are provided, as well as an updated checklist of the species belonging to Heteropyge.
